Disease Profile Copd Essay - 2574 Words

DISEASE PROFILE Date Assigned to Patient: 9/14/2011 Name of Major Medical Diagnosis: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Definition: COPD is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. Progressive means the disease get worse over time. It can cause coughing that produces large amount of mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms. Etiology: Most cases of COPD occur as a result of long-term exposure to lung irritants that damage the lungs and the airways. In the United States, the most common irritant that causes COPD is cigarette smoke. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke also can cause COPD, especially if the smoke is inhaled. Breathing in secondhand smoke,†¦show more content†¦The main test for COPD is spirometry. Other lung function tests, such as a lung diffusion capacity test, also may be used. Spirometry; During this painless test, a technician will ask you to take a deep breath in. Then, youll blow as hard as you can into a tube connected to a small machine. The machine is called a spirometer. The machine measures how much air you breathe out. It also measures how fast you can blow air out. Your doctor may have you inhale medicine that helps open your airways and then blow into the tube again. He or she can then compare your test results before and after taking the medicine. Spirometry can detect COPD long before its symptoms appear. Doctors also may use the results from this test to find out how severe your COPD is and to help set your treatment goals. The test results also may help find out whether another condition, such as asthma or heart failure, is causing your symptoms. Other Tests Your doctor may recommend other tests, such as: * A chest x ray or chest CT scan. These tests create pictures of the structures inside your chest, such as your heart, lungs, and blood vessels. The pictures can show signs of COPD. They also may show whether another condition, such as heart failure, is causing your symptoms. * An arterial blood gas test. This blood test measures the oxygen level in your blood using a sample of blood taken from an artery. The test can help find out how severe your COPD is and whether you mayShow MoreRelatedChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Case Study1659 Words   |  7 PagesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurs in the trachea and bronchi of the lungs. In a healthy, immunocompetent patient, flora, including viruses, are not usually present in the lower respiratory tract. However, Streptococcus spp., H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Corynebacterium spp, Pseudomonas as well as others, can colonise in the lower respiratory tract.1 Gary has a past history of COPD and presented with increased cough and shortness of breath. These symptoms are consistentRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Respiratory Diseases Essay722 Words   |  3 Pages Table 1. Prevalence of Respiratory Diseases in percent (%) for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal population aged 12 or older, Canada (2005). Condition Aboriginal Non-aboriginal All Men Women All Men Women Asthma 11.7 9.8 13.5 8.3 6.8 9.6 Bronchitis 4.9 3.5* 6.2 2.4 1.9 3.0 Emphysema 1.0* 1.3* 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 COPD 0.6* n/a n/a 0.7 0.7 0.7 All respiratory diseases 15.2 13.3 17.0 10.4 9.0 11.9 Data Source: Centre for Rural Northern Health Research 2010; using data from the 2005 Canadian CommunityRead MoreSmoking : Smoking And Smoking1615 Words   |  7 PagesBushwick Cigarette smoking affects nearly all organs in the body. Smoking leads to negative health outcomes such as various kinds of cancers and chronic diseases and reduces the overall health of individuals. Some diseases caused by smoking are - oral cancer, lung cancer, chronic diseases such as - stroke, blindness, cataract, periodontitis, COPD, diabetes, smoking during pregnancy causes pregnancy complications. (Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking, 2015) Cigarette smoking and mortality- (HealthRead MoreImportance Of Metabolite Concentration In Cells1147 Words   |  5 Pagesperiods of time. The importance of metabolites in drug development cannot be overstated. When an organism’s biological systems are disturbed by disease, genetic mutations or environmental factors, the profile of metabolites produced often changes. This makes metabolites excellent candidates for biomarkers; they are particularly useful for understanding disease states, toxicities, drug interactions, mechanisms of action and other areas of biology. Nearly every internal and external factor impacting aRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Communicable Diseases1012 Words   |  5 Pageschronic diseases and easing away from the traditional acute care model of care. Institutionalized care is giving way to medical care in the community. Invasive procedures are giving way to less invasive pharmaco-medical treatments. Neglected diseases in the least developed countries are finally being attacked in force.But one shift has yet to occur. Middle-income countries, such as Brazil, China and India need to concentrate more, as their prosperity grows, on non-communicable diseases ratherRead MoreAwareness Of Smoking Damages On Health1310 Words   |  6 Pageswith the health† problem because of the significant damages that linked with it. Many people in the entire world have the awareness of what they should expect if they smoke or keep smoking or stay with smokers starting from respiratory system diseases to end up with death, However , the 20th century had a huge rise of cigarette production and with it the quantity of smokers raised. In addition at the beginning of the 21st century more than a quarter of adults in the world even increasing numberRead MoreCauses And Disadvantages Of Lipoproteins737 Words   |  3 Pagesand Apo-B, and a fall in HDL and Apo-A in smokers; and this association is dose dependant [9,10,13][14,15]. It has been suggested that smoking, even of short duration and moderate consumption of cigarettes, is associated with adverse lipoprotein profiles [16]. Apolipoproteins are known to determine the structural stabilities and metabolic directions of lipoproteins. Of the apolipoproteins, Apo-B has identified in VLDL and LDL and thus appears to be a measure of the total number of atherogenic particlesRead MoreCommunity Profile Essay4424 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ UNIVERSITY OF TEESSIDE SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE BSc (Hons) Nursing Studies, Adult The Role of the Nurse in Improving Health and Wellbeing (CCH1037-N-BJ1-2012) Community Profile Megan McCallion J9238068 Word Count: 3,704 Thursday 24th January 2013 Contents page Chapter One- Introduction........................................................................Page 3-4 Chapter Two – The Health Improvement Issue......................................Page 5-8 Chapter Three – ServiceRead MoreDiagnosis And Treatment Of The American Heart Association1726 Words   |  7 Pageshypertension for 15 years, mild obesity, and hyperlipidemia. She has a 20-pack year history of smoking and no history of alcohol or illicit drug abuse. Her risk factors for coronary disease include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. She has no diabetes, kidney disease, or family history of early heart disease. Her medications include hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25mg daily, which she has taken for the last 10 years and simvistatin 20mg daily. Recent history includes one month of progressiveRead MoreGeneric Drug Profile : Salbutamol1288 Words   |  6 PagesGeneric Drug Profile - Salbutamol New Zealand trade names: Ventolin, Respigen, Salamol, Asthalin, Salapin and Broncolin. Drug Class: Therapeutic class: bronchodilator. Pharmacologic class: sympathomimetic (stimulates the sympathetic nervous system). It is also classified as a SABA (short acting ÃŽ ²2-agonist). Formulations: The most common administration is by inhalation of a pressurised metered dose aerosol. Inhalation of Salbutamol directly reaches the lungs and acts rapidly with fewer side effects

Adolescence and Puberty - 1617 Words

Puberty: Developmental Stages of Adolescents As stated above, adolescence is a stage in a young persons life where great deals of changes take place. In early adolescence a young person begins puberty. Puberty brings on many changes physically, intellectually, and emotionally. From our required readings I have learned that Erikson argued that the childs early sense of identity comes partly unglued because of the combination of rapid body growth and the sexual changes of puberty (Bee, 2000). It is during this phase that a young person makes the transition from a child to an adult. During this stage Erikson refers to the identity of adolescents as going through a crisis. He refers to the crisis of adolescents as a stage of identity†¦show more content†¦(Arnett, 2000) Boys like to mature early. And those who do so seem to gain in self-esteem. Being more muscular than late maturers, they are stronger and better in sports and have a more favorable body image (Papalia, 2002). They also have an edge in dating. However, an early mature sometimes has trouble living up to expectations that he should act as mature as he looks. Unlike most boys, girls tend not to like maturing early; they are generally happier if their timing is about the same as that of their peers (Papalia, 2002). Early-maturing girls tend to be less sociable, less expressive, and less poised; more introverted and shy; and more negative about menarche than later-maturing girls. Girls feel rushed into confronting the pressures of adolescence before they are ready; they are more vulnerable to psychological distress and remain so at least through the midteens (Papalia, 2002). They may have a poor body image and lower self-esteem than later maturing girls. Early-maturing girls are at increas ed risk of various behavioral and mental health problems, including anxiety and depression, disruptive behavior, eating disorders, early smoking and drinking, precocious sexual activity, substance abuse, and attempted suicide (Papalia, 2002). In the adolescent stage being in the in crowd is a major concern for young people. Young people feel the need to be accepted by their peers as they pursue to discover their identity. Erikson describes it as aShow MoreRelatedAdolescence, Body And Mind, Section Puberty1735 Words   |  7 Pages1. Chapter 9, â€Å"Adolescence† Body and Mind,† section Puberty explains the physical and mental changes that teenagers go through, it’s the state in which they transition from children to young adults, incapable of completely just one or the other (Berger, 315). The first changes of puberty, physically-wise, begins around the ages of 9 – 13 years’ old for both boys and girls, which include facial and body hair, deepeni ng of the voice, and of course body growth; such as the hands, feet, face, and privateRead MoreAdolescence : Everything Changes? Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesAdolescence: Everything Changes Adolescence is a transitional stage of development that has been defined as starting with puberty and lasting the years a person is roughly aged ten to twenty. Dramatic changes take place during adolescence; no other time period of a person’s life except infancy contains so much development into such a short time span. Puberty has historically been viewed as the starting point of adolescence and several factors play a role in determining the timing of puberty suchRead MoreDevelopment Stages Of Adolescence And Adolescent Sub Stages1276 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing ways : ïÆ'Ëœ it will explain the nature and development stages of the adolescence. ïÆ'Ëœ it will enlist the development task during the adolescence . ïÆ'Ëœ it will explain the behavioral issues , challenges ,factors effecting the adolescence . ïÆ'Ëœ also discuss the gender disparity and phenomenon of the generation gap . ________________________________________ Adolescence: Concept of adolescence: adolescence is the dramatically evolving theoretical construct informed through physiologicRead MoreAdolescence : The Transitional Period Between Childhood And Adulthood1549 Words   |  7 Pagescome happiness, sadness, and excitement. Adolescence is the time where we may have had the best times and the worst times while going through the stage of life. Adolescence is the time when young adults begin to change mentally and physically. During this stage of life, adolescents are introduced to many things such as the changing of the body, interest in different people, and trying to find themselves. When adolescence occurs they will experience puberty, growth spurts, development of body partsRead More Adolescence Development Essay886 Words   |  4 Pages Adolescence is a period of physical and psychological development from the onset of puberty to maturity. The adolescent is no longer a child, but they haven’t yet reached adulthood. Adolescence is considered people between the ages of 13 and 21. Puberty is the physical maturing that makes an individual capable of sexual reproduction. Puberty is important to adolescence because when a child hits puberty, that’s when the child is becoming an adolescent. Puberty is a big part of an adolescent’sRead MoreAdolescence Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesAdolescence is a time of rapid physical, emotional, and cognitive development. During adolescence, teenagers are exposed to a wealth of new and confusing changes that greatly impact their paths in life. The development that occurs during this time are highly influential and can create lasting effects. Changes that happen during adolescence include: physical changes, cognitive development, and new school environments. One of the most impactful changes that an adolescent goes through is puberty;Read MoreAdolescence: Defined By Biology or Society? Essay703 Words   |  3 Pages Adolescence begins in biology and ends in society. The definitions we accept to describe the onset of adolescence revolve around puberty, biological changes of the body. Therefore I consider adolescence to begin in biology. Adolescence ends in society. Entrance into adulthood marks the end of adolescence. The definitions of who is considered an adult are defined by society and therefore I contest that adolescence ends in society. The onset of adolescence is marked by a sudden increaseRead MoreThe Role Of Self Identity For Adolescents939 Words   |  4 PagesThe life transitions are the major changes that occur throughout individual’s lifespan. Adolescence is often classified as one of the most challenging and significant stage during life transition. In this phrase, the individuals not only developing physical and sexual maturation but also experiencing the development of identity and transitions into social and economic independence (WHO, 2014). This essay will discuss the different concept of self-identity for adolescents, the important predictableRead MoreThe Differences between the Self-Esteem of Boys and Girls During Puberty1247 Words   |  5 Pages Puberty is a time of many changes. Your body changes, your voice can change, and your emotions are on overdrive. The changes going through an adolescent’s body can be very confusing. Not everyone going through puberty knows what is happening to them. Plus, even if an understanding is there, it can be very uncomfortable. Almost every part of an adolescent’s body is affected when going through puberty. Psychologically, an adolescent is affected too. One psychological effect of puberty is a decreasedRead MoreEarly Puberty And Childhood Social And Behavioral Adjustment1337 Words   |  6 PagesMy research focuses primarily on Early Puberty and Childhood Social and Behavioral Adjustment. Early puberty has been connected to increased rates of mental health problems in adolescence. However, despite previous studies starting after the initiation of puberty being unable to explore whether early puberty is leading to higher rates of these problems. Puberty marks a changeover in mental health, with the differences in predominance rate and sex ratios of mental and behavioral disorders after the

Building Effective Teams Free Essays

Work teams of all types are being empowered to perform tasks that previously were employees’ responsibility. As organizations move toward more highly empowered work teams, the organizations that invest resources to train teams can increase both team and organizational effectiveness. Management often rushes to form work teams without considering how the behaviors needed for effective team work differ from those needed for effective individual contributions. We will write a custom essay sample on Building Effective Teams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Team members may receive little or no training to ensure that they can perform the required tasks and achieve the goals set. Communication Issues in Situations 1. Not informing other departments of status and updated schedules. Improving communication in organization involves more accurate encoding, transmitting, decoding and updating at the interdepartmental level. People can overcome barriers to effective communication. They must first be aware that barriers exist and can cause serious organizational problems. Then they must be willing to invest the effort and time necessary to overcome the barriers. When departments do not communicate or update the status of information, then, there will be confusion in the process. To avoid this, employees must be able to follow up to determine whether important messages have been understood. Feedback doesn’t have to be verbal; in fact, actions often speak louder than words. The sales manager who describes desired changes in the monthly sales planning report receives feedback from the report itself when it is turned in. If it contains the proper changes, the manager knows the message was received and understood. Managers who tell everyone to see the big picture often create a serious communication overload. Rather than trying to keep everyone involved, top-level management need follow the â€Å"need-to-know† principle transmitting communication and updating people in other areas of the organization that need the necessary information. Sometimes it is useful to regulate the flow of information and procedures that need to be brought to the attention of the people in the other departments. As long as performance falls within the acceptable range, the regular procedures aware followed. Misunderstandings and confusion can be reduced when adequate and timely feedback of information is done. Information must always be updated. Feedback mechanisms and reporting systems need to be established so managers know whether their messages have been understood, accepted and followed. Sometimes, a useful technique here is to manage the timing of messages so they are received in an orderly manner. This principle is similar to the procedure many executives use in responding to their in-basket. Incoming mail is sorted into piles of related topics. A similar procedure can be used, to some extent, with verbal communication where specific time periods are scheduled for discussing a specific topic. â€Å"Knowledge work is a process requiring knowledge from both internal and external sources to produce a product that is distinguished by its specific information content† (Kappes and Thomas). 2. Blaming between people of different races This is a big communication barrier that needs immediate remedy. When one has a grudge against someone, he tends to make that someone responsible for everything he finds wrong. When a person in one department blames someone, his desire to judge and punish is often what is at work. Someone blames another hen he is angry because the action made things turn out differently than he wished—if not through his words, then through his manner and tone of voice. One can put all the responsibility for what happened to him, in a way that implies what he did was â€Å"wrong† or â€Å"bad. † Moreover, blame breeds resentment. â€Å"it’s your fault! † is a red-flag phrase. It is to a person what a matador’s cape is to a bull. The hooker in blame is that smidgen of truth in what one said or implied. One can seldom say, â€Å"That’s just what you feel-it has nothing to do with me. † When a person’s blamer goes to work, it is very canny. It knows exactly where to go zap, where to pick out that nasty kernel of truth. A put-down artist is an expert at zeroing in on where you feel bad about oneself and making him feel even smaller there. Two messages get mixed up in blame: one party’s statement of how he feels (I’m angry and disappointed†) and one’s evaluation of the other party (â€Å"Scum like you shouldn’t be aloud to work in this company. †). The feelings about the situation are often hidden in the â€Å"you-are-bad† message, instead of being said straight out. One-way blaming in the organization is overcome is help open up communication between two blaming departments. Members of these departments must also be reminded that they need to take responsibility for their part in what happened. 3. Lack of standardization among terms used with different departments. This signifies uniform and consistent procedures or knowledge of terms that employees are to follow in doing their jobs. They must be aware of not only the terms used in the different departments but also the written procedures, job descriptions, instructions, rules and regulations to standardize the routine aspects of jobs. Standards among terms used with different departments allow people to reinforce values important to the organization’s success. This approach may seem mechanical, but if terms were not standardized, many organizations couldn’t achieve their goals and will have confusion of meanings in the process. Terms serve to bind as well as to separate departments. Terms sometimes block more than they reveal. They can prevent a true look. One is unlikely ever to know the whole truth of something. Someone else may see or touch a thing in a different way than one does, and know another side of it. An idea or statement, or concept is true to the degree that it helps one accurately experience the thing or event it represents. Some of the terms team members use are: free riding which means that a member does not contribute fully to team performance but still sharing in team rewards despite making less effort than the others; groupthink which is an agreement-at-any-cost mentality that results in ineffective work team decision-making and may lead to poor solutions; productive controversy which occurs when team members value different points of view and seek to draw them out to facilitate creative problem-solving (Hellriegel et al 1996). Dryer and Ericksen (March 2004) propose that human behaviors in high-reliability organizations can affect organizational performance. They examine several Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) strategies that engender and reinforce certain human behaviors that in turn can result to reliability in organizations that â€Å"operate under trying conditions, i. e. , those that manage complex and interdependent systems subject to substantial external volatility. † They believe reliability in organizations (like mining firms) is a â€Å"critical process-based† measure of organizational performance (Dryer and Ericksen, 2004). Communication Strategy Team discussions are important. This is crucial especially in discussing feelings for these reflect the emotional climate of a tram. The four feelings most likely to influence work team effectiveness and productivity are the feelings of trust, openness, freedom and interdependence. The more these feelings are present, the more likely the work team will be effective and the members will experience satisfaction. These feelings probably are present in a formal or informal group to which one belongs if they agree with the following statements: – Trust- Members have confidence in each other. – Openness – Members are really interested in what others have to say. – Freedom – Members do what they do out of a sense of responsibility to the group, not because of a lot of pressure from others. – Interdependence – Members coordinate and work together to achieve common goals. Indeed, in organizations, departments can easily get into trouble when they forget that they are sometimes dealing with abstractions, and then act as though they were concrete things and events. REFERENCES Dryer, L. and Ericksen, J. (March 2004). Towards a Strategic Human Resource Management Model of High Reliability Organization Performance: A Working Paper. Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies, Cornell School of Labor and Industrial Relations. Retrieved Oct. 30, 2006 at: http://www. ilr. cornell. edu/depts/cahrs/downloads/pdfs/workingpapers/WP04-02. pdf Hellriegel, D. Jackson S. and Slocum, J. (1996). Management. USA: International Thomson Publishing. Kappes, S. and Thomas, B. A Model for Knowledge Worker Information Support. Knowledge Worker Information Management. Retrieved Oct. 30, 2006 at: http://www. cecer. army. mil/kws/kap_supp. htm How to cite Building Effective Teams, Papers Building Effective Teams Free Essays Building a global-based team is not as easy as building a new internal team in the company. There are many things to be considered. Creating a single team composed of different nationalities with different cultures should be done with thorough research and full attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Building Effective Teams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several factors need to be looked at and taken into consideration to build an effective global team working together despite the geographical barriers. A good mix of international team members can only be obtained if the right criteria in the selection are correctly set. The rest of this paper discusses some of the criteria that would best help in the purpose of building a global-based team working effectively towards a common goal. Selecting Global Sales Team Members As an HR Manager tasked to come up with an effective global sales team, there should be some criteria that would better facilitate the selection of team members. Some of these criteria can be the following: †¢ Each member should be open to the fact of working with other members from other countries. †¢ The member should have a proven record of being responsible and reliable in their jobs especially when it comes to important tasks or assignments. †¢ Excellent communication skills, especially when it comes to dealing with business projects and endeavors, need to be exhibited by the global team member. †¢ The member should have a sense of independence and organization. Working in a global-based team means a possibility of working in a virtual environment where members are not directly supervised by a manager. The member should be able to work on his own at times and organized enough to be able to manage his own time in order to accomplish all the deliverables on time. As mentioned, if a global sales team is desired, there is a possibility that the members will work together in a virtual environment. With this in mind, I would probably decide on building a team composed of highly experienced professionals with proven and excellent track record. These professionals should also exhibit the criteria and characteristics mentioned above. All of those things are necessary in building an effective global sales team. As the manager who is in charge of building the team, I would ensure that every member of the team is aware of the team’s nature. They should be briefed when it comes to differing time zones, languages, culture and work ethics of each member since they belong to different nationalities. The members of this global team should fully and clearly understand the objectives and goals of the global team. Since the members do not work in just a single location, they should exhaust all possible means of communication. With today’s technology, working in a virtual team, with members located in all parts of the globe, is now easy because of all the advanced means of communications easily available to anyone just like email, mobile phones and internet telephony. An effective communication is crucial in the success of any global-based team. For a global team to build trust and integrate well with each other, Mitchell (2000, p. 162) said that â€Å"team members [should] realize that each culture has much to offer. The team [should] take the best from each culture and mold them into a team personality that reflects the diverse nature of team members. † References Mitchell, C. (2000). A Short Course in International Business Culture. Novato, CA: World Trade Press. How to cite Building Effective Teams, Papers

Who to Write an Authors Note Example free essay sample

Authors note For my portfolio the two minor assignments that I decided to put in were my argumentative paragraph on the play Macbeth, and my personal language and literature essay. The major piece of work that I have put in the portfolio is my Macbeth essay. The reason I chose these pieces was because they were the three that I feel were the most interesting, two that I had the best success on, and one that I struggled on. The piece of work that I did the best on was my Macbeth essay. I chieved the goal that I had set for myself to get, which was a 70% on the essay. I feel that the reason I was able to achieve my goal was because I was able to explain my points well and I did not wait to the last minute to complete the essay. The reason I decided to put my personal language and literature essay in was because it was my first grade 11 university essay and it was also my worst. We will write a custom essay sample on Who to Write an Authors Note Example or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By doing this essay I realized that I cannot leave all my work to the last minute because I will be unable to get the piece edited, my mark showed this. The last piece of work that is in my portfolio is my argumentative paragraph on the play Macbeth. I decided to put this piece of work into my portfolio because I feel I did alright on the assignment, but I had the ability to do better. Throughout my grade 11 English course I have learned a great deal about what I need to improve on more and what I have already improved on throughout the semester. The writing skill I need to improve on most is my spelling and grammar. On all of my essays I have gotten the same comment, which usually goes something long the lines of need more editing or need more proofing. Based on this I believe that to achieve a higher mark in my grade 12 English class next year I must do this better. Another part that I need to improve on is staying in the present tense. This was another comment on all of my essays, whether it was by my teacher, or a student editing my essay. I have trouble staying in the proper tense in my essays because I have difficulty remembering this. I also seem to write in the past tense because it makes the most sense. I feel this is the major reason. It is hard to get it through my head that I need to write about something that already happened in the present tense. This is hard for me to do because when we talk to one another if we are talking about something that has already happened we say it in the past tense. Although I have parts I have to improve on I also have positives to look at as well. There were a few parts of some of my essays that were well done. These parts were the organization and the topic and concluding sentences. I feel the reason I was ble to do well on these parts is because I took my time on the topic and concluding sentences, also I feel that I was able to set up a good solid outline that helped guide me through the organization part of things. These were the two major factors why I did get the mark I wanted on my Macbeth essay as well as the argumentative paragraph. I also feel these are the two most important parts of the essay, and with a little more work on my spelling and grammar I will and higher mark that I will be proud of. be able to achieve a much better